Option (c) is correct

The fallacy of Sadharana (also known as the fallacy of the middle term being too wide) is a logical fallacy in which the middle term is too broad, leading to an invalid conclusion.

Option (c) is an example of this fallacy because it uses the syllogism "The hill has fire because it is knowable. This object is knowable. Therefore, it must have fire." The middle term "knowable" is too broad and includes things that may not have fire, making the conclusion invalid.

Option (a) is an example of a valid syllogism.

Option (b) is an example of the fallacy of argument from eternity. Option (d) is an example of the fallacy of the undistributed middle.

विकल्प (c) सही है।

“पहाड़ी पर अग्नि है क्योंकि यह ज्ञेय है” उपरोक्त वाक्य में शास्त्रीय भारतीय तर्कशास्त्र के न्याय-मत के अनुसार साधारण तर्कदोष (मध्य पद व्यापक होने के कारण) सम्मिलित है।