Option (d) is correct.

Statement I is false because the passage states that tropical environments may be less conducive to urbanization and industrialization than temperate zones due to weather and disease. However, the passage also notes that geographic factors cannot be the whole story, as some less developed countries with similar geographic characteristics have performed extremely well while others have done poorly.

Statement II is true because tropical regions seem to have disease-prone environments as the passage mentions that regions with diseases that are difficult to control or cure are at a developmental disadvantage, and tropical environments are specifically mentioned as being less conducive to development due to disease.

विकल्प (d) सही है ।

कथन I गलत है क्योंकि गद्यांश में कहा गया है कि उष्णकटिबंधीय वातावरण मौसम और बीमारी के कारण शीतोष्ण क्षेत्रों की तुलना में शहरीकरण और औद्योगीकरण के लिए कम अनुकूल हो सकता है। हालांकि, गद्यांश यह भी कहता है कि समान भौगोलिक विशेषताओं वाले कुछ कम विकसित देशों ने विकास का अच्छा प्रदर्शन किया है जबकि अन्य ने खराब प्रदर्शन किया है।

कथन II सत्य है कि उष्णकटिबंधीय क्षेत्र रोग-प्रवण वातावरण प्रतीत होते है।